Zinc igiciro?

Igiciro mpuzamahanga cyumutungo wa zinc kiyobowe nabi no gutanga no gusaba umubano nubukungu. Ikwirakwizwa ryisi yose yumutungo wa zinc ryibanze ahanini mubihugu nka Ositaraliya n'Ubushinwa, hamwe n'ibihugu bisabwa mu Bushinwa, Peru, na Ositaraliya. Ibikoresho bya zinc byibanda muri Aziya ya pasifika n'Uburayi n'Ubu Amerika. Jianeng ni producer nini kwisi hamwe numucuruzi wicyuma cya zinc, ufite ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro bya zinc. Ibikoresho bya zinc byubushinwa ububiko bwa kabiri kwisi, ariko amanota ntabwo ari hejuru. Umusaruro wacyo no gukoresha urwego rwabanje kwisi, kandi kwishingikiriza hanze ni hejuru.

Imwe niyo lme nizo zihana ryiza rya zinc ku isi, rifite umwanya wiganje mu isoko rya Zinc.

LME yashinzwe mu 1876 atangira kuyobora ubucuruzi bwa Zinc idasanzwe mu gihe cyayo. Mu 1920, ubucuruzi bwemewe bwa ZINC bwatangiye. Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, LME yabaye amasoko y'isoko rya Zinc ku isi ya Zinc, kandi igiciro cyacyo kigaragaza impinduka mu mashyi ya Zinc ku isi yose, izwi cyane ku isi. Ibi biciro birashobora gutegurwa binyuze mumasezerano atandukanye kandi atandukanye muri LME. Ibikorwa byisoko rya Zinc bya gatatu muri Lme, icya kabiri gusa kumuringa na aluminium ejo hazaza.

Icya kabiri, kuvugurura mercantile mercantile (comex) gucuruza ya zinc muri make, ariko nticyatsinzwe.

Ramex yakoresheje muri make zinc ejo kuva 1978 kugeza 1984, ariko muri rusange ntabwo byagenze neza. Muri kiriya gihe, abakora Abanyamerika ba Zinc bari bakomeye mu biciro bya zinc, ku buryo comex idafite ingano ihagije zo gutanga amazi, bigatuma bidashoboka kuri zinc ibiciro by'imyuka hagati ya LME na Rapy. Muri iki gihe, ubucuruzi bw'icyuma bwibanze cyane ku bihe by'ejo hazaza n'amahitamo ya zahabu, ifeza, umuringa, na aluminium.

Iya gatatu ni uko ineza yububiko bwa Shanghai yatangijwe kumugaragaro ku mugaragaro ya Shanghai zinc muri 2007, yitabira uburyo bwibiciro byisi ya Zinc.

Hariho ubucuruzi bwa zinc muri zinc mumateka ya Shanghai. Nko mu ntangiriro ya za 90, Zinc yari umuhanga mu bucuruzi bw'igihe kirekire agamije hamwe n'ibyuma by'ibanze nk'umuringa, aluminium, kuyobora, amabati, na Nin, na Nin, na Nice. Ariko, igipimo cyubucuruzi bwa zinc cyagabanutse bwumwaka numwaka, kandi mu 1997, ubucuruzi bwa Zinc bwahagaritse cyane. Mu 1998, mugihe cyo guhinduka kw'isoko kizaza, ubundi buryo bw'ubucuruzi bwa Ferros bwagumanye gusa umuringa na alumini, na Zinc hamwe n'ibindi byeri bihagarikwa. Mugihe igiciro cya ZINC cyakomeje kuzamuka mu 2006, habaye guhora bisaba ko zifuzwa za Zinc kugaruka ku isoko. Ku ya 26 Werurwe 2007, kungurana ibitekerezo bya Shanghai byashyizwe ku mugaragaro Zinc ku mugaragaro, bigatanga impinduka z'akarere mu gutanga no gusaba ku isoko rya Zinc mpuzamahanga mu Bushinwa no kwitabira sisitemu ya zinc ku isi.

Uburyo bwibanze bwibiciro kubakozi mpuzamahanga ni ugukoresha igiciro mpuzamahanga cyamasezerano nkigiciro cya sasita, hanyuma wongere ububiko buhuye nkibikorwa. Icyerekezo cya Zinc Amahanga Mpuzamahanga na LME Ibiciro bya LME birahuye cyane, kuko LME ZINC Igiciro Cyiza Ibiciro byabaguzi ba Zinc .

Imwe nizo nzige zo hejuru kandi zimanuka zibiciro bya zinc kuva 1960 kugeza 1978; Iya kabiri ni igihe cya oscallation kuva 1979 kugeza 2000; Icya gatatu nicyo cyihuta kandi cyihuta cyo hejuru no kumanuka kuva 2001 kugeza 2009; Iya kane ni igihe gihindagurika kuva 2010 kugeza 2020; Icya gatanu ni igihe cyo hejuru cya vuba kuva 2020. Kuva 2020, ubushobozi bw'ingufu z'ingufu z'ibihugu by'ibihugu by'ibihugu by'ibihugu by'ibihugu, kandi ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibiciro bya Zinc bwaragabanutse, kandi haragabanutse cyane, kandi iterambere ryihuse rya Zinc ryatumye risubiramo mu biciro bya Zinc, bikomeza kuzamuka no kurenga $ 3500 kuri toni.

Muri 2022, raporo iheruka muri Amerika yubushakashatsi bwa genologiya (USGS) yerekana ko ibikoresho bya villa byagaragaye ko ari miliyari 1.9, kandi ku isi hose yagaragaye ko ari toni 210. Australiya ifite ibigega byinshi bya zinc cyane, kuri toni zingana na miliyoni 66, kubara 31.4% by'ibigega byose. Ubushinwa bwa zinc yubushinwa ni icya kabiri muri Ositaraliya gusa, kuri toni 31 za tons, ibarura rusange rya 14.8% byisi yose. Ibindi bihugu bifite imigezi nini ya zinc harimo Uburusiya (10.5%), Peru (8.1%), muri Mexico (4.6%), nibindi bihugu byose, mugihe ibihugu byose bya Zinc Ore Ibindi bihugu kuri 25% ibigega byose.

Ubwa mbere, umusaruro wamateka wa Zinc wakomeje kwiyongera, ugabanuka gato mumyaka icumi ishize. Biteganijwe ko umusaruro uzasubira buhoro buhoro ejo hazaza.

Umusaruro wisi wa Zinc wakomeje kwiyongera mumyaka irenga 100, tugeze ku mpinga yarwo muri 2012 hamwe n'umusaruro wa buri mwaka wa miliyoni 13.5 trif toni miliyoni 13,5 za Zinc. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, habaye urwego runaka rwo kugabanuka, kugeza 2019, iyo gukura. Ariko, icyorezo cya Covid-19 cyatumye ongera usohoka ku isi, hamwe no gusohoka ngarukamwaka bagabanutseho toni 700000, umwaka 5.51%, umwaka umwe, bituma habaho gutanga na zinc. Hamwe no koroshya icyorezo, umusaruro wa ZINC gaje gahoro gasubiye kurwego rwa miliyoni 13. Isesengura ryerekana ko hamwe no kugarura ubukungu bw'isi no guteza imbere isoko, umusaruro wa Zinc uzakomeza gukura mu gihe kizaza.

Iya kabiri ni uko ibihugu bifite umusaruro mwinshi wa zinc ni Ubushinwa, Peru, na Ositaraliya.

Dukurikije amakuru yaturutse muri Biro yo muri Amerika yubushakashatsi bwa geologiya (USGS), umusaruro wisi yose wageze kuri toni zigera kuri miliyoni 13 zageze kuri toni zigera kuri miliyoni 13. Kubara 32 Other countries with high zinc ore production include Peru (10.8%), Australia (10.0%), India (6.4%), the United States (5.9%), Mexico (5.7%), and other countries. Umusaruro wuzuye wa zinc mubindi bihugu bingana na 28.9% byisi yose.

Icya gatatu, konte ya mbere ya mbere ya zinc ku isi yose yatangajwe hafi 1/4 ku isi yose, hamwe ningamba zabo zikora ingaruka zimwe kubiciro bya zinc.

Muri 2021, umusaruro wa buri mwaka wa batanu ba mbere ba Zinc bagiye kuri toni miliyoni 3.14, ibaruramira ku ya 1/4 umusaruro wa Zinc. Agaciro karwa ka zinc karenze miliyari 9.4 z'amadolari y'Amerika, muri bo Glencore PLC yatangaga toni miliyoni 1.16 za zinc, yakozwe na toni 610000 zakozwe toni 610000 zakozwe na toni 310000 za zinc, na Boliden A yabyaye toni zigera kuri 270000 za Zinc. Ibicuruzwa binini bya zinc bigira ingaruka kubiciro bya zinc binyuze mu ngamba zo "kugabanya umusaruro no kubungabunga ibiciro", bikubiyemo umusaruro no kugenzura umusaruro no kubungabunga umusaruro no kubungabunga ibiciro bya zinc. Mu Kwakira 2015, Glencore yatangaje kugabanya imisaruro yose ya zinc, ahwanye na 4% yumusaruro wisi, kandi ibiciro bya zinc byafashwe na 7% kumunsi umwe.

Ubwa mbere, ibyo kurya bya zinc byibanda muri Aziya ya pasifika n'Uburayi n'Ubu Amerika.

Muri 2021, imikoreshereze ku isi ya ZINC inoze yari toni miliyoni 14.0954, hamwe n'uturere twa Zinc rwibanda mu turere twa Aziya na Aziya. Kubara Abanyamerika Amerika n'Ubuhinde byashyizwe ku mwanya wa kabiri n'icya gatatu, ibaruramari kuri 6% na 5%. Ibindi bihugu by'ibanze birimo ibihugu byateye imbere nka Koreya yepfo, Ubuyapani, Ububiligi, n'Ubudage.

Iya kabiri ni uko imiterere yo gukoresha ya zinc igabanijwemo ibiryo byambere no gukoresha ibicuruzwa. Imyitozo ya mbere ahanini ni zinc, mugihe ibikoreshwa byanyuma ahanini ni ibikorwa remezo. Impinduka mugusaba umuguzi bizagira ingaruka kubiciro bya Zinc.

Imiterere ya zinc irashobora kugabanywamo no gukoresha ubwambere no gukoresha ibicuruzwa. Inziba ya mbere ya Zinc ryibanze cyane kuri porogaramu zishakisha, ibaruramari kuri 64%. Gukoresha Iteka rya Zinc bivuga gusubirwamo no gushyira mu bikorwa ibicuruzwa bya mbere bya zinc mu ruhererekane rwo hasi. Mu rwego rwo kunywa zinc, kuri konti y'ibikorwa remezo no kubaka inkware kugereranyije cyane, kuri 33% na 23%. Imikorere yumuguzi wa zinc izoherezwa mumwanya wo gukoresha impamyabumenyi kumurima wambere kandi bigira ingaruka kubitanga nibisabwa zinc nigiciro cyacyo. Kurugero, mugihe imikorere yinganda zingenzi za zinc nkuruzitiro yimitungo itimukanwa, hazagurika ingano ya mbere nkibisobanuro bya zinc bizagabanuka, bigatera gutanga zinc kurenza ibisabwa, amaherezo biganisha kuri kugabanuka mubiciro bya zinc.

Nkumucuruzi munini wa Zinc, Glencore agenzura uruziga rwa Zinc inoze kumasoko hamwe nibyiza bitatu. Ubwa mbere, ubushobozi bwo gutegura vuba kandi neza ibicuruzwa kumasoko ya zinc ya Downsch; Iya kabiri nubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutanga ibikoresho bya zinc; Iya gatatu nubushishozi bukomeye ku isoko rya zinc. Nkumukozi munini wa Zinc Producer, Glencore yabyaye toni 940000 ya zinc muri 2022, hamwe numugabane wisoko ryisi yose ya 7.2%; Ubucuruzi bwa ZINC bwa zinc ni toni miliyoni 2.4, hamwe numugabane wisoko ryisi yose wa 18.4%. Umusaruro nubucuruzi bwa zinc byombi ni hejuru kwisi. Glencore's Global Molon One SHAKA Umusaruro ni urufatiro rwibiciro byacyo kubiciro bya zinc, kandi ingano yubucuruzi ya mbere yoroshye irangora.

Ubwa mbere, guhanahana ka Shanghai byagize uruhare runini mugushiraho sisitemu y'ibiciro by'imbere mu gihugu, ariko imbaraga zayo ku burenganzira bw'ibiciro cya zinc kiracyari munsi y'i lme.

Ku gihe kizaza cya zinc cyatangijwe n'isoko ry'imigabane ya Shanghai byagize uruhare runini mu mucyo cyo gutanga no gusaba, uburyo bw'ibiciro, uburyo bwo kohereza ibiciro by'isoko rya Zinc yo mu rugo. Mu mbaraga zitoroshye z'isoko rya zinc y'Ubushinwa, ryafashije gahunda yo gufungura, ikwiye, nziza, kandi ifite uburenganzira ku isoko rya Zinc. Isoko rya Zinc mu gihugu rimaze gutunga urugero runaka n'ingaruka, kandi hamwe no kuzamura uburyo bwo ku isoko no kongera ubucuruzi, umwanya wacyo ku isoko ku isi naryo ryiyongera. Muri 2022, ingano yubucuruzi bwa shanghai zinc yagumye yagumye yagumye ihamye kandi yiyongera gato. Dukurikije amakuru ava mu isoko rya Shanghai, guhera mu mpera z'Ugushyingo ; Muri 2022, ingano yubucuruzi bwa shanghai zinc yageze kuri miliyari 7932.1 yageze kuri miliyari 7932.1, kwiyongera k'umwaka.1%. Ariko, imbaraga z'ibiciro zisi yose ziracyiganwa na LME, kandi Isoko rya Zinc yo mu rugo rizaza Isoko ry'akarere rikomeje kuba isoko ry'akarere mu mwanya uteganijwe.

Icya kabiri, ikiguzi cya Zinc muri China cyahindutse kuva ku mwanda ushakisha kuri interineti kuri interineti ya interineti, cyane cyane ishingiye ku biciro bya LME.

Mbere ya 2000, nta shusho ya zinc yambaye Isoko mu Bushinwa, kandi igiciro cy'isoko cyashizweho ahanini gishingiye ku gitsina gore. Kurugero, muri Delta yinzuri ya Pearl, igiciro cyashyizweho cyane na Zhongjin Lingnan, igihe yari mu ruzi rwa Mwerta, igiciro cyashyizweho cyane cyane na Zhuzhou Smelter na Huludao. Uburyo budasanzwe bw'ibiciro bwagize ingaruka zikomeye ku bikorwa bya buri munsi byo hejuru no kumanura imishinga y'inganda za Zinc. Mu 2000, Shanghai Schards Umuyoboro udasanzwe (SMNEL) yashyizeho umuyoboro wacyo, kandi amagambo yacyo yabaye ashingiye kubigo byinshi byo murugo kubiciro bya zinc. Kugeza ubu, amagambo nyamukuru yisoko ryimbere mu gihugu harimo amagambo yavuzwe na Nan Chu Ubucuruzi na Shanghai Network, ariko amagambo yavuzwe na platifomu kumurongo ahanini yerekeza ahanini kubiciro bya LME.

Ubwa mbere, umubare wuzuye wumutungo wa zinc mubushinwa ubanza kumwanya wa kabiri kwisi, ariko impuzandengo ni uko gukuramo bike kandi bikuramo umutungo biragoye.

Ubushinwa bufite ububiko bwinshi bwa zinc of, kurutonde rwa kabiri kwisi nyuma ya Ositaraliya. Ibikoresho byo mu gihugu byihutirwa byibanda cyane mu turere nka Yunnan (24%), Mongoliya (20%), Ganssu (11%), na Xinjian (8%). Nyamara, amanota ya zinc ore mubushinwa muri rusange ari hasi, hamwe na mine mato mato hamwe na mine nini nini, kimwe na mines nyinshi kandi zikungahaye kandi zikungahaye. Gukuramo umutungo biragoye kandi bitwara ubwikorezi ni hejuru.

Icya kabiri, imiyoboro ya zinc yubushinwa ibanza kwisi yose, kandi ingaruka zabatunganyirize za zinc ziriyongera.

Umusaruro wa Zinc wabaye munini ku isi mu myaka myinshi ikurikiranye. Mu myaka yashize, binyuze mu buryo butandukanye nk'inganda zinyuranye, hejuru no kumaguru no kumanuka, no kwishyira hamwe buhoro buhoro, hamwe na enterineti. Ibirori binini bya Zijin nicyo kigo kinini cya Zinc cyibanda mu Bushinwa, hamwe n'urutonde rushinzwe umusaruro wa Zinc muri ba batanu ba mbere. Muri 2022, umusaruro wa zinc wari toni 402000, ibaruramari rya 9.6% yumusaruro rusange wo murugo. Amabuye y'agaciro akurikirana isi, hamwe n'umusaruro wa zinc wa toni 225000 muri 2022, ibaruramari rya 5.3% yumusaruro wose wo murugo. Zhongjin Lingnan iri ku mwanya wa mbere w'isi, hamwe n'umusaruro wa zinc wo muri toni 193000 muri 2022, ibarura rusange rya 4.6% by'umusaruro wose wo mu rugo. Abandi ba producess ba Zinc barimo Chihong Zinc Ubudage, Zinc Inganda Co., Ltd., Baiyin Ibyuma bidahunika, nibindi

Icya gatatu, Ubushinwa ni umuguzi munini wa ZINC, hamwe no kunywa byibanda mu murima wo gushakisha no kumanuka ibikorwa remezo byumutungo utimukanwa.

Muri 2021, ibiyobyabwenge bya zinc by'Ubushinwa byari toni miliyoni 6.76, bituma abaguzi manini ku isi ya Zinc. Ishakisha rya zinc kugereranyije cyane ku bicuruzwa bya zinc mu Bushinwa, ibaruramari hafi 60% yo kurya za zinc; Ibikurikira ni ugupfa zinc alloy na zinc oxide, kubara 15% na 12%. Ibice byingenzi byo gusaba byo gushakisha nibikorwa remezo n'umutungo utimuka utize. Kubera inyungu z'Ubushinwa mu bikoresho bya Zinc, gutera imbere mu mirenge remezo n'inzego zitimukanwa bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku isi, icyifuzo, n'ibiciro bya ZINC.

Ubushinwa bwo hanze kuri ZINC burenze urugero kandi bwerekana icyerekezo gisobanutse neza, hamwe ninkomoko nyamukuru itumiza muri Ositaraliya na Peru. Kuva mu 2016, imibumbe ya Zinc yibanda mu Bushinwa yagiye yiyongera umwaka ku mwaka, kandi ubu ibaye mu bihugu binini ku isi ya Zinc. Muri 2020, gutumiza mutumiza kwa Zinc kwibanda ku 40%. Kuva mu gihugu ukurikije igihugu, igihugu gifite ibyoherezwa mu gihugu byoherezwa mu Bushinwa mu 2021 byari muri Ositaraliya, hamwe na miliyoni 1.07 mu mwaka wa 29.5%. Icya kabiri, Peru yohereza hanze toni 780000 mu Bushinwa, ibaruramira 21,6% by'Ubushinwa gutumiza mu mahanga. Kwishingikiriza cyane kuri zinc irashobora kwemera gusa ibiciro byisoko ryisi.

Iyi ngingo yasohotse mu gitabo cya mbere cy'Ubushinwa MINIG buri munsi ku ya 15 Gicurasi