Uruhare n'uburyo Sodium Sulfide ikoreshwa mu kuzura kw'amabuye y'agaciro ya Oxidised Lead-Zinc

Imyunyu ngugu ya lead-zinc (cerussite, anglesite, smithsonite, hemimorphite, nibindi) ifite ubuso bukunda amazi kandi ntishobora kureremba hamwe n’abakusanya xanthate. Kongeramo sodium sulfide sulfide bituma amabuye y’agaciro ashyirwa mu mabuye, bigatuma hakurikiraho kwinjiza xanthate. Uretse sulfide no kuyikoresha, sodium sulfide inatanga uburyo bwo gutakaza agaciro, guhindura pH y’amagufwa, no gukuraho reagent, bigatuma iba reagent y’ingenzi mu gutunganya lead-zinc.

I. Gutera sulfide no kuyikoresha

1. Uburyo bwo gukora ikizamini
   Hydrolise ya sodium sulfide mu mazi kugira ngo ikore iyoni za S²⁻ na HS⁻, zikora hamwe na iyoni z'icyuma cyo hejuru ku myunyungugu ya lead-zinc ikoresheje imvura ishonga, zigakora filime ya sulfide idafite aho ihuriye n'amazi:

Serussite:
PbCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → PbS + CO₂ + H₂O (uburyo bwo kwerekana ishusho; aho ishusho iherereye)

Smithsonite:
ZnCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → ZnS + CO₂ + H₂O (uburyo bwo kwerekana ishusho; aho ishusho iherereye)

Filimi ya PbS yakozwe ni nini kandi ihamye, ifata xanthate neza kandi igatanga ubushobozi bwo kureremba nk'ubwa sulfide. Filimi ya ZnS irarekuye kandi ishobora gukururwa n'amazi cyangwa gucika; sodium sulfide yonyine ntabwo ihagije kuri zinc irareremba, ibi bikaba bisaba ko ikoreshwa mu kongera gukoresha amine nyuma.

2. Agaciro k'inyongera
   Iyo hatabayeho sodium sulfide, muri rusange gukira kwa lead-zinc ikoze muri oxidised kuba hasi. Iyo sulfide ikoreshejwe neza, gukira kwa lead kuriyongera cyane. Sulfide ni ngombwa kugira ngo amabuye y'agaciro akoreshwe muri oxidised. Mu by'ukuri, sodium sulfide yongerwaho mbere kugira ngo sulfide ikoreshwe, hagakurikiraho xanthate kugira ngo lisansi ikoreshwe neza.

II. Gucika intege mu buryo budasanzwe

1. Kugabanya imyanda nka sphalerite na pyrite
   S²⁻ irenze urugero mu ruhu itwikira ubuso bwa galena, sphalerite, na pyrite, bikabangamira kwinjiza xanthate no gutera ingaruka mbi.
   Mu cyiciro cyo kuzura kw'umusemburo w'ubunini, igipimo cy'umusemburo wa sodium sulfide gikoreshwa mu gutuma umusemburo wa oxidised gusa ukoreshwa; ubwinshi bw'umusemburo bugabanya umusemburo mu gihe bugabanya cyane sphalerite y'ibanze, bityo bigatuma habaho gutandukana kw'umusemburo wa zinc.
   Kugira ngo zinc ikomeze kuzura, imiterere y'umusemburo igomba kozwa neza kugira ngo igabanye ubucucike bwa sodium sulfide kandi ikureho ihungabana, mbere yo gukoresha amine collectors kugira ngo igarure zinc.
2. Amategeko agenga igipimo
   Igipimo kidahagije: icyuma cya sulfide gito kandi kitaragera ku rugero rukwiye, icyuma gifata ubutare buke.
   Igipimo kiringaniye: gukora neza kw'umushongi wa oxidised no gukuraho sphalerite mu rugero ruringaniye, gutandukana neza.
   Igipimo gikabije: S²⁻ irenzeho igabanya icyuma cya oxidised lead na sphalerite, bigatuma icyuma cya oxidised lead na zinc bigabanuka cyane.

III. Gutunganya ibinure

1. ihinduka rya pH
   Guhindura imiterere ya sodium sulfide bitanga umuti ufite alkaline nyinshi, bigatuma pH y'ibinure iguma ku rugero rwiza hagati ya 8.5 na 11. Imiterere y'ibinure birinda ko sulfide ibora, bigatuma sulfide idahinduka.
2. Kugenzura Eh
   Iyoni za sulfide zigabanya ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ogisijeni bw'umunyu, bikarinda ko firime ya PbS idakora neza. Ku mabuye afite ogisijeni nyinshi, sulfide ya sodium nyinshi igomba kugumana nk'ikintu kigabanya ogisijeni.
3. Imvura ya iyoni z'icyuma gikomeye yangiza
   Iyoni za Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, na Fe³⁺ zifunguye mu gituza zidakoresha imyunyu ngugu mu buryo bunyuranye, bigabanya guhitamo. S²⁻ ituma izi iyoni ziba sulfide, bikuraho kubangamira no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabutabire bitari ngombwa.
4. Gutatanya ibinyabutabire
   Ibikomoka kuri alkaline hydrolysis bikwirakwiza buhoro buhoro utwo duce duto, bigagabanya gutwikirwa kw'ubuso bw'amabuye y'agaciro hifashishijwe utwo duce.

IV. Igikorwa cyo kugabanya umuvuduko/guhagarika imyuka mibi
Iyo hakozwe ifu ivanze ya oxidised lead-zinc, ingano nini ya sodium sulfide ishobora kongerwamo ku rugero rwo hejuru. S²⁻ ishyira xanthate yashyizwe ku buso bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu buryo bw'irushanwa, igakuraho neza ifunze. Nyuma yo gukaraba no kongera gukurura, sulfidisation n'itandukaniro bishyirwa mu byiciro kugira ngo bikemure imfuruka za lead-zinc zifunze. Ibi bikunze gukoreshwa mu miyoboro ivanze ya ogisijeni-sulfide ivanze n'amabuye y'agaciro.

V. Itandukaniro ry'imyitwarire ya sodium sulfide ku myunyungugu ya lisansi ugereranyije na zinc

1. Icupa rya oxidised (cerussite) – rikora firime nini ya PbS; sodium sulfide iringaniye ihagije kugira ngo icupa ritagorama; gusa iyo irenze urugero itera ihungabana. Ikwiriye iyo icupa rya xanthate rishingiye ku icupa.
2. Zinc ya oxidised (smithsonite) – ikora firime ya ZnS idafite oxidised; sodium sulfide yonyine ntishobora kuyirekura. Sodium sulfide ikoreshwa gusa mu kuvura mbere y’uko ivurwa, kandi hakenewe abakusanya cationic nka octadecylamine cyangwa dodecylamine. Sodium sulfide isigaye igabanya cyane oxidised zinc flotation.

VI. Inama z'ingenzi ku bijyanye n'inganda

1. Guteranya ibice: ongeramo mu cyiciro cyo gusya no mu gihe cyo gusya kugira ngo wongere igihe cyo gukorana na sulfidization.
2. Imirongo y'ubudodo ikenera gushonga no gukaraba kugira ngo igabanye sulfide ya sodium isigaye mbere yuko zinc igwa.
3. Ku mabuye y’agaciro afite ogisijeni nyinshi kandi afite ibumba rinini, shyira hamwe n’ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe (ifu y’icyuma) n’ibikwirakwiza (hexametaphosphate ya sodium) kugira ngo ukomeze icyuma cya sulfide.

Ingaruka mbi: gukora imyuka y'igi yaboze (H₂S) irimo uburozi - guhumeka bisaba; reagent nyinshi yongera ikiguzi; urugero rwa sulfide mu mazi mabi rurenze urugero.
Icyitonderwa: NaHS, iyo ikoreshejwe, ibora byoroshye.