Sodium Persulfate (Sodium Peroxydisulfate, Na₂S₂O₈, CAS: 7775‑27‑1)

Sodium persulfate ikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'ikintu gikomeye gitera ogisijeni, ikintu gitangira polymerisation, ikintu gitera bleaching, n'icyuma gitera ibyuma. Ikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye n'imiti, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, imyenda, n'ibidukikije. Ishyirwa mu cyiciro cya 5.1 gitera ogisijeni, Itsinda rya III (igabanya ingaruka nke kugeza ku rugero rwo hagati).

I. Porogaramu zirambuye

1. Inganda za polymer na shimi (urwego runini rw'ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa)
   1. Itangiriro rya emulsion polymerisation: Ikora nk'ikintu gitangira amazi gishonga muri polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, acrylic emulsions, styrene acrylic emulsions, na polyacrylamide (PAM). Itangira polimesasiyo ku bushyuhe buri hagati y'ikirere n'ubushyuhe buri hagati kandi ikoreshwa mu gusiga, gufunga, no gukora flocculant mu gutunganya amazi. Ikora nk'ikintu gisimbura anzo, nta bisigazwa by'uburozi bisiga.
   2. Ibinyabutabire byo mu gasozi gasukura peteroli: ikoreshwa nk'ikintu gica intege mu binyabutabire bivunika, igabanya ogisijeni ya guar gum na hydroxypropyl guar gum kugira ngo yorohereze gusubira inyuma kw'ibinyabutabire bivunika. Iyo ihujwe na ferrous ion catalysis, ituma ivunika vuba ku bushyuhe buke.
2. Inganda z'ikoranabuhanga n'izikora PCB (ibicuruzwa by'ikoranabuhanga byo mu rwego rwo hejuru)
   1. Umuti ukoreshwa mu gukata uduce duto tw’amashanyarazi (micro-etching agent): ikora ubuso bw'umuringa bukozwe mu buryo bwa micro-roughed kugira ngo inoze gufatana kwa firime yumye, maske yo gusoda, n'ibice bya electroplated. Iroba umuringa na nikeli mu buryo bworoshye bwo gutoba, kandi, bitandukanye na sisitemu zishingiye kuri chloride, ntabwo itera ibyago byo kwangirika biterwa na chlorine.
   2. Gusukura wafer ya semiconductor: bikuraho imyanda y’ibinyabuzima n’ibintu bihumanya ibyuma mu buso bwa wafer haba mu gusukura byumye no mu buryo butose nk'ikintu gitera ogisijeni.
   3. Uburyo bwo kuvura mbere yo gukoresha amashanyarazi: igabanya amavuta, ikanyagira buhoro buhoro, kandi igakoresha ibyuma bita steel stainless na alloys z'umuringa, ikuraho ingano ya oxyde yo hejuru.
3. Gutunganya ibidukikije (Inzira zo Gutunganya Oxidation mu Buryo Buhanitse, AOP)
   1. Gutunganya amazi yo hasi n'ubutaka: ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zanduzwa n’ibinyabutabire (ISCO). Ikoreshwa n’icyuma cya ferrous, alkali, cyangwa ubushyuhe, ikora sulfate radicals ihumanya hydrocarbons za peteroli, hydrocarbons za chlorine, BTEX compounds, antibiyotike, n’ibisigazwa by’imiti yica udukoko - ikoreshwa cyane mu gusana ahantu handuye.
   2. Gusukura amazi yanduye: ikoreshwa mu kugabanya ubushyuhe mu buryo buhanitse mu gukaranga, gusiga irangi, imiti, no mu myanda, ikuraho imyanda ya COD, ibara, n'imyanda ihumanya ikirere. Ishobora guhuzwa n'imirasire ya UV, ultrasound, cyangwa gukoresha iyoni y'icyuma.
   3. Gutunganya imyanda ifotorwa: oxidize thiosulfate mu gukosora imyanda yo mu bwogero, bikorohereza gukira kwa iyoni y'ifeza.
4. Inganda z'imyenda n'amabara
   1. Umukozi ushinzwe gushushanya ingano: ibora ibinyampeke na PVA ingano ku bicuruzwa bya ipamba n'ibikomoka ku fibre by'ubukorikori.
   2. Umuti uvura uruhu: ituma ubwoya, ubudodo, n'amatafari bihinduka ubushyuhe buke nta fibre yangiza. Nanone ikora nk'ikintu gitera ogisijeni mu gukora irangi rya sulfur, igasimbuza sodium hypochlorite kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika guterwa na chlorine.
5. Izindi ngaruka zikoreshwa mu nganda no muri laboratwari
   1. Inganda za bateri: ikora nk'ikintu kigabanya polari muri batiri za aside ya lead kugira ngo ikureho plaque passivation.
   2. Imiti myiza: ikoreshwa nk'ikintu gitera ogisijeni mu gukora organic synthesis, urugero muri Elbs oxidation kugira ngo ihindure phenols mo hydroquinones, no gutuma Mn²⁺ na Cr³⁺ bihinduka imiterere ya valence iri hejuru (iterwa na iyoni za silver).
   3. Kwita ku buzima bwite na laboratwari: ogisijeni mu miterere y'umusatsi; kandi nk'umutangizi wa gel polymerisation wa APS (ammonium persulfate) muri PAGE electrophoresis.
   4. Ibinyamisogwe n'impapuro: ikoreshwa mu gushushanya no gushushanya ibinure.

II. Gushyigikira imiterere y'ibikorwa mu nganda zikiri hasi

1. Umurongo w'Inzira yo Gushushanya PCB Micro

   Urukurikirane: gukuramo amavuta → koza amazi → gukaraba mikoro (sodium persulfate + aside sulfurike system, 25-35°C) → koza inshuro ebyiri → gukaraba amazi adasukuye → koza amazi adasukuye.
   Ibikoresho bifasha: ibigega bya PP birwanya ingese, sisitemu zo gupima imiterere y’amazi mu buryo bwikora, kugenzura ORP-pH kuri interineti, kuyungurura amazi, no gutunganya amazi yanduye. Sodium persulfate yongera gukoreshwa buri gihe, kandi aside sulfurike ikomeza aside kugira ngo ihagarike kubora kw’ikintu.

2. Gusiga ibinyabutabire mu butaka (ISCO) ku butaka no ku mazi yo hasi

   Haraboneka sisitemu eshatu zo gukoresha:

   1. Gukora iyoni ya feri: sodium persulfate + ferrous sulfate mu gihe cy'aside.
   2. Gukoresha ubushyuhe: gushyushya kugeza kuri 40-65°C binyuze mu gutera amazi mu mwobo wimbitse.
   3. Gukoresha alkali: kongeramo sodium hydroxide kugira ngo pH izamure hejuru ya 11, bigatera ubwiyongere bw'ibinyabutabire.
      Ibikoresho by'inyongera: ibigega byo kuvanga no gushonga, amariba yo guteramo umuvuduko mwinshi, amariba yo kugenzura amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka, n'igenzura rya ORP kuri interineti.
3. Uburyo bwo kugabanya amazi yanduye mu buryo buhanitse

   Urukurikirane: Guhindura pH → kongeramo sodium persulfate + activator (Fe²⁺/UV) → ikigega cy’ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukurura → gukurura no gukurura amazi → gusohora amazi asohoka.
   Ibikoresho bifasha: sisitemu yo kugenzura ORP kuri interineti n'icyuma gihuza UV H₂O₂.

4. Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza Emulsion Polymerisation

   Imikorere ya reactor ya batch: gusukura azote kugira ngo ikureho ogisijeni, kongeramo umuti w'amazi wa sodium persulfate ku bushyuhe bw'ikirere, no kugaburira mu buryo bumwe. Ibikoresho bifasha: sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe n'imyuka idakora kugira ngo hirindwe kubora imburagihe guterwa n'imyanda y'icyuma.

III. Ubuhanga mu by'umutekano mu kubika, kohereza no gutanga ingano

1. Ububiko: ububiko bw'imiti ihumanya ikirere, ikonje kandi ihumeka neza, ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 30°C, ubushuhe buri munsi ya 70%. Gutandukanya ibintu bitwika, ibigabanya ubushyuhe, aside na alkali; hasi hagomba kuba hadakoreshwa ingese kandi hatagerwa n'amazi.
2. Kwimura: ifunze, ijyana umwuka udafite igitutu kirimo azote kugira ngo hatabaho ubushuhe. Imiyoboro y'icyuma irabujijwe; koresha imiyoboro ya PP, PVC, cyangwa FRP irwanya ingese.
3. Igipimo: funga ibigega bishongesha amazi, irinde ibyuma nk'icyuma, umuringa n'ifeza; koresha ibikoresho bya PP / PE birwanya ingese. Shyiramo ibikoresho byo kwiyuhagira byihutirwa, ahantu ho koza amaso, n'ibikoresho byo guhumeka ku ngufu.
4.