“Umurinzi” w’ibyuma by’agaciro: Impamvu Dithiophosphates (ibintu byirabura) bikoreshwa cyane mu gukurura amabuye y’agaciro

Mu nganda zikora ku mazi, xanthate zizwi cyane nk'izikusanya ibintu bikomeye kandi zifite ubushobozi bwo gukusanya ibintu muri rusange. Ariko, kugira ngo zongere ubwiyongere bwa zahabu na feza cyangwa gutandukanya icyuma na zinc, abahanga mu by'ubutabire bakunze gutanga inama kuri dithiophosphates, izwi cyane nka "ibintu by'umukara" bitewe n'uko bisa n'amazi yijimye kandi akunda kumera nk'amazi. Nubwo bisa nk'ibidatangaje, ibi bitanga inyungu zidasanzwe mu kuvura ibyuma by'agaciro n'amabuye y'agaciro ya sulfide.

I. Dithiophosphates (Ibikoresho by'umukara) ni iki?

Dithiophosphate ni ubwoko bw'ibikusanya bifitanye isano na xanthate. Nubwo xanthate ari ibikusanya bikomeye, bidatoranya bikunda kureremba sulfide y'icyuma (pyrite), dithiophosphate zo zitoranya cyane. Nanone ziramba cyane mu mikorere ya shimi kandi ntizishobora kubora cyane.

II. Ibyiza by'ingenzi

1. Ubwumvikane buke kuri Pyrite: Iki ni akarusho gakomeye mu gutandukanya sulfide y'umuringa cyangwa sulfide. Xanthate nazo zikunda kureremba kuri pyrite, mu gihe dithiophosphates zigaragaza ubushobozi buke bwo gukusanya pyrite, bityo bikaba byoroshya gutandukana.
2. Ubushobozi Bukomeye bwo Gukusanya Zahabu na Feza: Dithiophosphates zigira imikoranire ihamye ya shimi hamwe n'ubuso bw'icyuma cy'agaciro, bigatuma zigira akamaro kanini mu kugarura zahabu, ifeza na platine. Inganda nyinshi zitunganya zahabu zongeramo dithiophosphates (urugero: Aero 238 cyangwa ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate) mu buryo bwo gukaraba cyangwa mu buryo bwo gusukura kugira ngo icyuma cy'agaciro gishobore kugaruka neza.
3. Imiterere y'ifuro: Dithiophosphate nyinshi (urugero, Aero 238) zifite ubushobozi bwo gukuraho ifuro, bigabanya cyangwa bigakuraho gukenera ifuro ryinshi (nk'amavuta ya MIBC cyangwa pinusi). Ifuro rikorwa rikunda kwangirika no kwangirika byoroshye.

III. Ubwoko busanzwe

• Aero 238 (Alkyl Dithiophosphate): Ubwoko bw'amazi busanzwe bufite ubushobozi bwo gukusanya no gusohora ifuro. Ikwiriye gutandukanya lead na zinc no kugarura umuringa na zahabu. Ifite impumuro ikomeye n'ubushobozi bwo kwangiza.
• Ammonium Dibutyl Dithiophosphate: Iboneka nk'ifu yera (nubwo izina rya "umukara" rikoreshwa). Ntiyangiza, nta mpumuro mbi, ntishonga mu mazi. Ikwiriye amabuye y'agaciro afite ifeza n'umuringa udashobora gucika, cyane cyane aho ibibazo by'ibidukikije bishyirwa imbere.
• Diphenyl Dithiophosphate: Ntikunze kugaragara cyane, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukusanya cyane. Ikoreshwa muri galena ifite oxidized cyangwa inoze.

IV. Ibigomba kwitabwaho mu mikorere

• Ingaruka zo kwangirika: Dithiophosphate z'amazi (urugero, Aero 238) ziranuka kandi zirangiza. Koresha ibikoresho birwanya aside mu gupima. Abakoresha bagomba kwambara PPE ikwiye.
• Irinde gukoresha imiti irenze urugero: Gukoresha imiti irenze urugero bishobora gutuma habaho ifuro rikabije, bigatera ubwinshi bw'uturemangingo (“gutwara”) mu turemangingo. Hindura neza ingano y'imiti, cyane cyane iyo irimo gukoreshwa ifuro.
• Kinetics Igenda Buhoro: Dithiophosphates zigira imikorere igenda buhoro kurusha xanthates kandi akenshi zikenera igihe kirekire cyo kuzigama kugira ngo zikore neza.

V. Umwanzuro

Mu buryo bwa none bwo gukurura ibintu mu mazi, dithiophosphates ntabwo ari ibintu bisimbura xanthates ahubwo ni ibintu byuzuzanya. Ingamba zisanzwe ni ugukoresha xanthates mu kugarura ibintu mu mazi mu mazi akomeye na dithiophosphates mu byiciro byiza kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo guhitamo no kugarura ibyuma by'agaciro.